Anonymous has provided further
details on Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs) matters on TKMS future Type 212 variants following
the November
13, 2019 article.
Based on the structure of existing Type
212A and battery by FAAB (aka FAAM – see below) total battery energy of Type 212NFS (Near Future Submarine) was
estimated to 4-6MWh [1-3] considerably larger
than current Type 214A (2-3MWh) with Lead-acid Batteries (LABs) [1a].
As K.
R. Energy (parent company of FAAM (aka FAAB)) thinks LIBs for
212NFS are triggers for defense use of LIBs, FAAB presumably show discount
price [4].
The amount
of LIBs for AIP submarine such as South Korea and Germany is small, while
non-AIP Japanese submarine equips with large amount of LIBs.
Both Type
212NFS and future Type 212CD (Common Design) have non-magnetic hulls and LIBS. Type 212NFS is different from
Type 212CD (which Norway selected presumably to avoid electromagnetic submarine
detection by Russia) [5]. Is capacity of 70MWh
(70MW is wrong expression?) for Type 212NFS mistake of 7MW [6]?
Notes
Page 17/32
[1a] ibid,
page16/32
Capacity
and volume of module consisted of 120 cells are 25.2kWh and 135.5L. Volumetric
capacity of module is 186Wh/L-module (=25.2kWh/135.5L). Assuming capacity of
75Wh/L for LIB, then total capacity of LIBs in battery section is 1.95MWh
[=(75Wh/L)/(186Wh/L)]. In the case of module consisted of 96 cells, total capacity
of LABs is 2.29MWh. In these cases, Battery Management System (BMS) is not
considered for LIBs. Then, actual total capacity of LABs may be 2-3MWh.
[2] Dimension (D x W x H [m])of battery section in Type
212A is estimated to be 10m x 2- 3m x 1.6m [3]. Based on dimension (diameter
63mm, length 225mm), weight metric capacity (139Wh/kg) and weight
(1.510-1.520kg) LIB by FAAB, total capacity of Type 212NFS is estimated as
follows.
Case I
96 cells
are arranged in a battery module (6 columns x 4 rows x 4 layers = 478 x 252 x
900mm). Dimension (D x W x H) of battery section is 10 x 2 x 1.6m. In this
case, 192 battery modules arranged in a battery section (24 columns x 8 rows)
with 18432 cells. Then, total weight of cell is 27.8t and capacity of total cell
is 3.87MWh (=139Wh/kg x 27800kg). In this case, ideal minimization of stray
magnetic field in x, y and z directions is achieved.
Case II
120 cells
are arranged in a battery module (6 columns x 4 rows x 5 layers = 478 x 252 x
1125mm). Dimension (D x W x H) of battery section is 10 x 2 x 1.6m. In this
case, 192 battery modules arranged in a battery section (24 columns x 8 rows)
with 23040 cells. Then, total weight of cell is 34.8t and capacity of total
cell is 4.84MWh (=139Wh/kg x 34800kg).
Case III
96 cells
are arranged in a battery module (6 columns x 4 rows x 4 layers=478 x 252 x
900mm). Dimension (D x W x H) of battery section is 10 x 3 x 1.6m. In this
case, 288 battery modules arranged in a battery section (24 columns x 12 rows)
with 27072 cells. Then, total weight of cell is 40.9t and capacity of total
cell is 5.68MWh (=139Wh/kg x 40900kg).
[3] Stray magnetic field caused by batteries has three
directions, x (horizontal bow-stern), y (horizontal starboard-port), z
(vertical). Minimization of stray magnetic field in x and y directions is
conducted by even number arrangement of battery modules which cancels stray
magnetic field by battery module pairing. Battery modules near the starboard or
port wall of pressure hull locates at higher position than those on the keel
due to cylindrical cross section of pressure hull, resulting vertical (z
direction) unbalance of stray magnetic field. Usually minimization of stray
magnetic field is mainly conducted on x and y directions, not on z direction.
In Type 212A, to achieve thorough magnetic transparency, minimization of stray
magnetic field in z direction is presumably conducted by adopting long and
narrow battery section in addition to non-magnetic hull. Dimension (D x W x H
[m]) of battery section in Type 214A is estimated to be 10m x 2- 3m x 1.6m based
on its structure.
As Norway
Navy also demands magnetic transparency for Type 212CD, shape of its battery
section will resemble Type 212A or 212NFS. In Case I arrangement with two
battery section for Type 212CD, its battery capacity is 7.74MWh with perfect
minimization of stray magnetic field.
In DSME2000
and KSS-III Batch2 submarine by South Korea, battery arrangement in z direction
is in normal manner. If it is true, magnetic steel such as HY100 is used for
pressure hull.
[4] Concerning K.
R. Energy (parent company of FAAM (aka FAAB) see Full Company
Report (page 52/56) Lithium and defence are the key drivers of the investment
case,
“ 2) the reaching of a deal on the supply of
battery packs for the new Italian Navy U-212 “NFS” submarines represent major
triggers for the investment case, possibly materializing in the next 6 months.
[5] Rosoboronexport (the sole state intermediary agency
for Russia's exports/imports of defense-related and dual use products,
technologies and services) http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/naval-systems/stationary-electronic-systems/komor/
“The Komor electromagnetic stationary submarine
detection system is designed to control the sea-situation to ASW border”
[6] As capacity of FAAB-cell is 139Wh/kg, the amount of
LIBs, which is currently 35-41t has to increase to 500t
(=70x10^6[Wh]/139[Wh/kg]) to achieve a total capacity of 70MWh.
Anonymous
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