August 14, 2019

Russia's White Sea Missile Reactor + Hydrogen(?) Explosion

On Thursday night, August 8, 2019, an explosion occurred at Nyonoksa naval rocket/missile test site on the White Sea coast (map below) in extreme northwest Russia. This killed 5 and injuring 6 test site workers (reported so far). The explosion caused an unexplained spike in radiation levels. This in turn caused alarm and then a temporary or permanent evacuation of nearby Nyonoksa village. Both the test site and village are effectively under the control of the Russian Navy (Northern Fleet area).

According to the Russian nuclear agency (Rosatom) the explosion happened on a sea platform/pontoon at Nyonoksa Russian Navy rocket/missile launch facility when a "liquid-propellant engine" was tested. Those killed were allegedly working on "isotope power source”. While Russian authorities refuse to identify the missile engine tested, Russian media and the US suspect that the explosion was a test of the 9M730 Burevestnik (aka “Skyfall”), nuclear propelled, nuclear armed cruise missile. That missile is part of (evidently) a dangerously accelerated development effort due to Putin's March 1, 2018 boast that this missile is a Russian wonder weapon.

"Skyfall's" under development nuclear fission   nuclear thermal engine is centred around a mini-reactor using enriched Uranium 235, to create extreme heat. The reactor may have super-heated a "liquid-propellant" in the form of highly explosive hydrogen.

Rocket thrust is a controlled explosion. The Skyfall engine explosion may have been an uncontrolled reactor explosion alone - and/or one boosted by a super-heated hydrogen explosion

Western nuclear sample collection technology (like this) with computer modelling in the US, can ascertain what type of explosion took place. 

Since 1965 the Nyonoksa facility has been the site of many SLBM and SLCM tests including R-27s, R-29s and R-39s.

Josh, in Comments below, has brought to my attention that video footage of the “Nyonoksa” explosion all seems to be an unrelated east Siberian munitions dump or military warehouse explosion.

I've been trying, without success, to find fully credibale still or moving imagery of the August 2019 Nyonoksa explosion. The public media all seem to be using pre-existing video images of an east Siberian ammunition dump/warehouse explosion instead of any Nyonoksa explosion.

MAYBE NYONOKSA WAS A FULLY SUBMERGED TEST WITH NO PUBLICALLY AVAILABLE VISION OR SOUND?

Alarm and Confusion

There was major initial alarm and confusion in Nyonoksa village (2km from the test site). This was heightened by the Russian Government issuing contradictory Press Releases on a Little Increase In Background Radiation and then a Major Release (Evacuate Nyonoksa Now).

(Map courtesy Moscow Times, Reuters and TASS).
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Severodvinsk and Arkhangelsk

Residents of the naval base/shipyard cities of Severodvinsk and Arkhangelsk may have been close enough to see the flash and hear the Nyonoksa test site explosion. Confusion continues in those cities regarding  how dangerous the Russian Government admitted radiation is and what to do about it.

In mid August 2019 “Russia's state weather service said radiation levels spiked in the Russian city of Severodvinsk, about [47] kilometres west of Nyonoksa, by up to 16 times [greater than average background radiation level] following the explosion.”

There are reports of panic buying of iodine drops in Severodvinsk [and Arkhangelsk]. Emergency officials reported a spike in background radiation. The White Sea bay where both the shipbuilding port and the regional capital, Arkhangelsk, are located has been ordered closed for swimming and fishing because of the presence of toxic rocket fuel [or, more secretly, radiation].”

Pete

9 comments:

Josh said...

@Pete:

One more thing, I believe the image you posted is in fact an ammunition fire that occurred in Siberia near Achinsk. I don't think there is footage/imagery of the Skyfall explosion.

https://beta.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/explosion-at-russian-ammunition-dump-injures-at-least-2/2019/08/05/16e7bb04-b77c-11e9-8e83-4e6687e99814_story.html?noredirect=on


Cheers,
Josh

Josh said...

@Pete:

Glad the comments thing is working again; sorry for your troubles. I should have suspected that it was a server related problem, though I'm not sure how I would contacted you.

One thing I'd like to ask is where you got the quote concerning hydrogen fuel. The Russians pitch this weapon as having unlimited range, but if it is a true nuclear thermal rocket, it does use reaction mass like any other rocket which will always be a range limitation. Due to the allegedly unlimited range, I had assumed that the weapon was a nuclear ramjet similar to the US Project Pluto/SLAM of the 1960s. In that design, the weapon is accelerated to ramjet speeds and then goes critical, using the reactor to super heat the incoming air for thrust. This would have made the weapon capable of operation for days or even weeks on end, assuming it remained structurally intact. I had thought this was the direction the Russians were going in but all of the reports seem mention liquid fuel. One article I read posited that the liquid being mentioned was actually lead-bismuth being used as a heat exchanger (think Alfa class submarine) but this would seem to be prohibitively heavy.

I'm very curious what principle this weapon uses for flight, since it seems to differ from the US research in this direction.

Cheer,
Josh

Pete said...

Welcome Josh (your first/top email) lack of credible Nyonoksa explosion imagery.

MAYBE NYONOKSA WAS A FULLY SUBMERGED TEST WITH NO PUBLICALLY AVAILABLE VISION OR SOUND?

https://beta.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/explosion-at-russian-ammunition-dump-injures-at-least-2/2019/08/05/16e7bb04-b77c-11e9-8e83-4e6687e99814_story.html?noredirect=on
is geo or multiple use blocked unfortunately.

Yes I've been trying, without success, to find fully credibale still or moving imagery of the August 2019 Nyonoksa explosion. The public media all seem to be using file or simultaneous event footage instead of any Nyonoksa explosion.

When I place "russian explosion nyonoksa" [exclude siberia ammunition warehouse] in the Youtube search box it comes up with "No results found".

Regards

Pete

Josh said...

@Pete:

I'd still be interested in your thoughts, given the lack of information. I think everyone agrees it was a nuclear powered projectile, but no one I can find can agree on what principles it operates on. This might be a complete unknowable; actually it definitely is. I was just asking for conjecture.

Cheers,
Josh

Pete said...

Hi again Josh

No problemo. To contact me you can always click on "View my complete profile" right sidebar, towards the top. Once in click on "Email" left sidebar. Then once we've established comms we can exchange emails.

Reference to liguid hydrogen fuel comes from first para https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_thermal_rocket
[due to derth of details on Skyfall's rocket - although that wiki site may fit a space mission rocket more closely]. So https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_thermal_rocket is

"A nuclear thermal rocket (NTR) is a type of thermal rocket where the heat from a nuclear reaction replaces the chemical energy of the propellants in a chemical rocket. In an NTR, a working fluid, usually liquid hydrogen, is heated to a high temperature in a nuclear reactor and then expands through a rocket nozzle to create thrust. The external nuclear heat source theoretically allows a higher effective exhaust velocity and is expected to double or triple payload capacity compared to chemical propellants that store energy internally."

So the hydrogen rocket boost phase/stage may get Skyfall up to sufficiant speed for the (practically unlimited time/range) nuclear reactor heated ramjet to kick in.

I think the Russians are in a Putin pushed rush (August explosion and all) to develop the Skyfall engine - so perhaps even the Russian havn't worked out what is the best initial boost liquid propellant.

So many choices https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_propellant#Liquid_chemical_rocket_propellants

Regards

Pete

Anonymous said...

Hi Pete,

Maybe this could be of interest.

/Kjell

Pete said...

Hi Josh (Aug 15, 2019, 6:59:00 AM)

/Kjell has kindly provided an intriguing Russian website article https://dfnc.ru/katalog-vooruzhenij/nazemnye-raketnye-kompleksy/9m730-burevestnik/

But possibly the article is part Russian disinformation eg. it claims the Skyfall is subsonic, while most sources mention/imply hypersonic.

I'll translate https://dfnc.ru/katalog-vooruzhenij/nazemnye-raketnye-kompleksy/9m730-burevestnik/ into English and publish on SUNDAY, August 18.

Regards

Pete

Anonymous said...

Hi Pete,

Some more Russian information if you haven't already seen it Russia's Fire-Damaged "Losharik" Spy Submarine Heads For Repairs As New Details Emerge it seems to point to lithium-ion batteries being the problem which the Rusians switch to from silver-zinc batteries from a supplier in Ukraine of obvious reasons.

/Kjell

Pete said...

Hi /Kjell (Aug 17)

Yes, the burn-explosion risk of Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs) are evident in the Losharik saga. A perhaps similar LIB burn episode occured on a US "Dry" Seal Delivery Vehicle (minisub) about 10 years back. Could be the Russians and US were using old LIBs control/safety tech.

Japan and South Korea can only hope and prepare their LIBs' management computer controls and fire extinguishers to make their LIBs for submarine safer.

Of course, many Western and Chinese sub building companies (eg. TKMS, Naval Group, SAAB and Navantia) and governments are keenly observing how the Japanese and SK submarines perform.

Regards

Pete