Submarine Propulsion in 7 lines. Air through snorkel is sucked into the Diesel Engine. Combustion from [spark and?] compressed diesel fuel produces the Diesel's mechanical power - Which then drives the Generator (which changes mechanical energy into electrical energy). The electricity and drives the Electric Motor which charges the Batteries. Diesels/Generator/Electric Motor/Magnets to rotate propeller to produce (about) 8-12? knot snorting speed. OR Batteries/Electric Motor/Magnets producing the silent running speed which is above 6 knots.
---
---
The
Soryu Mk 2 (at 27SS in the Table below) importantly will have:
(A) a modified propulsion motor (designated “SMC-8B”) [1]
(B) accompanied by Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs). LIBs
provide various benefits such as a low
indiscretion ratio (IR) [a lower the
ratio of time spent at periscope depth snorting to time completely submerged
(C) flexibility of operation and high speed performance submerged and
(D) 12V25/25SB diesels used in the current Soryu Mk 1 Soryu Mk 2 prior to use of 12V25/31S in Soryu Mk 3.
The
newly modified propulsion motor (designated “SMC-8B”) will benefit from the more powerful diesel and the more electrically powerful LIBs quick charging of LIBs in
order to achieve flexibility of operation and high speed performance submerged.
In Soryu Mk 1, low speed performance is emphasized because of low effective
capacity of LABs.
In the Soryu Mk 2, higher silent (6> knots) speed performance will be emphasized,
because of drastically improved LIB and motor capacity. This allows higher silent speed fully submerged for a much longer period.
In other words, the main objective of the SMC-8B is the improvement of maximum silent speed. Key factors will be optimized to reduce
vibration/noise, in Anonymous's opinion. As result, maximum speed from point to point somewhat changes as
shown in [2] and [3]. Even a tiny improvement in the existing 5 minute duration of the 20 knots maximum speed would require a much more powerful engine. Anonymous does not think such a tiny
improvement has meaning in actual operation. [4]
[1] Budget of Japanese Ministry of Defense (MoD)
[1] Budget of Japanese Ministry of Defense (MoD)
Soryu Mk 1s have propulsion motor SMC-8 and Mk 2s have
SMC-8B (where the B means first revision) see Table below. The degree of revision can be measured
by the first year cost which is the cost of new equipment and so on in the first
year. In SMC-8B, the first year cost was budgeted suggesting that SMC-8B
experienced huge modifications or SMC-8B is actually a new model. So overall the last Soryu Mk 1 (26SS with SMC-8) costs ¥51.7B FY2014 (see Table below). Then the cost for the first Soryu Mk 2 (27SS) jumps to ¥64.4B FY2015 of which the development and unit costs of the first SMC-8B are a part.
[2] “FY2014 Annual
Report on Life Cycle Cost Management”, Equipment
Procurement
and Construction Office, Ministry of Defense (MoD), page 78, Tabale 2. The maximum
submerged speed of 26SS (Soryu Mk 1 with Lead-acid Batteries (LABs) + AIP) and
27SS (Soryu Mk 2 with LIBs) are both 20 knots.
[3] Using
English wikipedia websites - LIBs have a greater average charge and discharge
efficiency 80%-90% (see LIB sidebar) compared
to LABs with a lower average in the 50%-95% (see LAB
sidebar). A Soryu Mk 2 submarine
using LIBs, like a Soryu Mk 1 submarine
using LABs both will not exceed 20 knots.
[4] Additional comments by Anonymous of February 13, 2018. Japanese submarines are not equipped with reduction gear. Their speeds are electrically adjusted. The DC motors of Oyashios and AC motors (PMSM) of Soryus have different adjustment systems. In the Soryu Mk 1 (SMC-8), maximum silent speed is greater than 6 knots. This may correspond to the maximum operating output of a small rotor. In the Soryu Mk 2 (SMC-8B) an increased maximum silent speed for a longer period is expected.
[4] Additional comments by Anonymous of February 13, 2018. Japanese submarines are not equipped with reduction gear. Their speeds are electrically adjusted. The DC motors of Oyashios and AC motors (PMSM) of Soryus have different adjustment systems. In the Soryu Mk 1 (SMC-8), maximum silent speed is greater than 6 knots. This may correspond to the maximum operating output of a small rotor. In the Soryu Mk 2 (SMC-8B) an increased maximum silent speed for a longer period is expected.
Since 20 knots for 5 minutes is a performance limitation of the SMC-8, achieving 20 knots for an hour would require major modifications such as an increased cooling system, bigger rotor and stator, reinforced bearing and shaft. The speed of a submarine is proportional to cubes of output of the propulsion motor. A 10% increase in maximum speed (from 20 knots to 22 knots ) would need a 33% increase in output (from 5.9MW to 8MW). This requires major modifications. These modification may cause additional vibration leading to greater submarine noise.
Achieving a higher silent speed for a longer time within the framework of the submarine's current output is a more realistic objective.
SS
No.
Diesel Type Motor |
Build No
Name
|
Pennant
No.
|
MoF approved amount ¥
Billions FY |
LABs, LIBs, AIP
|
Laid Down
|
Laun
-ched
|
Commi
ssioned |
Built
By
|
8105 Oyashio
|
SS-590/ TS3608
|
¥52.2B FY1993
|
LABs only
|
Jan 1994
|
Oct 1996
|
Mar 1998
|
KHI
| |
6SS-15SS
|
8106
-8115
various
|
SS-591-600
|
¥52.2B per sub
FY1994-FY2003
|
LABs only
|
15SS Feb
2004
|
15SS
Nov
2006
|
15SS
Mar 2008
|
MHI
&
KHI
|
16SS
|
8116
Sōryū
|
SS-501
|
¥60B FY2004
|
LABs + AIP
|
Mar 2005
|
Dec 2007
|
Mar
2009
|
MHI
|
17SS
|
8117
Unryū
|
SS-502
|
¥58.7B FY2005
|
LABs + AIP
|
Mar 2006
|
Oct 2008
|
Mar
2010
|
KHI
|
18SS
|
8118
Hakuryū
|
SS-503
|
¥56.2 FY2006
|
LABs + AIP
|
Feb 2007
|
Oct 2009
|
Mar
2011
|
MHI
|
19SS
|
8119
Kenryū
|
SS-504
|
¥53B FY2007
|
LABs + AIP
|
Mar 2008
|
Nov 2010
|
Mar
2012
|
KHI
|
20SS
|
8120
Zuiryū
|
SS-505
|
¥51B FY2008
|
LABs + AIP
|
Mar 2009
|
Oct 2011
|
Mar
2013
|
MHI
|
No 21SS
|
No 21SS built
| |||||||
22SS
|
8121
Kokuryū
|
SS-506
|
¥52.8B FY2010
|
LABs + AIP
|
Jan 2011
|
Oct 2013
|
Mar
2015
|
KHI
|
23SS
|
8122
Jinryu
|
SS-507
|
¥54.6B FY2011
|
LABs + AIP
|
Feb 2012
|
Oct 2014
|
7 Mar 2016
|
MHI
|
24SS
|
8123
Sekiryū
|
SS-508
|
¥54.7B FY2012
|
LABs + AIP
|
KHI
| |||
25SS
|
8124
|
SS-509
|
¥53.1B FY2013
|
LABs + AIP
|
22 Oct 2013
|
12 Oct 2016
|
MHI
| |
26SS
end of SMC-8s |
8125
Shoryū |
SS-510
|
LABs + AIP
|
2014
|
6 Nov 2017
|
Mar 2019?
|
KHI
| |
27SS First
|
8126
|
SS-511
|
LIBs only
|
2015
|
2018?
|
Mar
2020
|
MHI
| |
28SS Second
|
8127
|
SS-512
|
¥63.6B FY2016
|
LIBs only
|
2016?
|
2018?
|
Mar 2021?
|
KHI
|
29SS First Soryu Mk 3
SMC-9?
|
8128
|
?
|
¥76B FY2017
|
LIBs only
|
?
|
?
|
2023?
|
MHI?
|
8029?
|
?
|
¥71.5B FY2018
|
LIBs only
|
?
|
?
|
2024?
|
KHI?
|
Table from information exclusively provided to Submarine Matters. LABs = lead-acid batteries, AIP = air independent propulsion, LIBs = lithium-ion batteries. ¥***B = Billion Yen. MHI = Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, KHI = Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation of Kawasaki Heavy Industries. On Feb 13 2018 Diesel and Motor types were added.
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Anonymous and Pete
3 comments:
Hi Pete
Japanese submarine does not equip with reduction gear, and its speed is electrically adjusted. DC motor of Oyasho and AC motor (PMSM) of Soryu have different adjustment system. In Soryu MKI (SMC-8), maximum silent speed which is bigger than 6knot/h, may correspond to maximum output at single operation by small roter. In Soryu MKII (SMC-8B),incleased maximum silent speed for longer period is expected.
Since 20knot/h for 5min is limitation of SMC-8 as a machine, achieving 20knot/h for 1h requires big modification such as increased cooling system, bigger roter and stator, inforced bearing and shaft. Speed of submarine is propotional to cubes of output of then propultion motor, and then 10% increase in maximum speed (from 20knot/h to22knot/h) needs 33% increase in output (from 5.9MW to 8MW), and this also requires big modification. These modification may cause additional vibration.
Achieving higher silent speed for longer time at least within the framework of current output is most realistic.
Regards
Hi Anonymous
Thanks for your suggested changes.
I'll alter the text accordingly tomorrow.
Regards
Pete
Hi Pete
First LIBs Soryu- class (27SS), Auryu was launched on 04/Oct/2018 [1]. Length of Auryu (84m) is as same as that of LABs-Soryu. 27SS equips with neither two large LOx tanks nor 4 Starling AIPs suggesting significant increase in numbers of batteries and improvement of endurance.
Ministry of Defense is planning to appoint woman submariners [2] in 2023. Equipment (such as women’s room and toilet) that considers the gender is needed [3] and affects improvement of endurance of 27SS.
[1] http://www.sankei.com/west/news/181004/wst1810040017-n1.html
[2] https://www.sankei.com/west/news/180831/wst1808310047-n1.html
[3] Ordinance on Industrial Safety and Health Part III Chapter IIV Cleaness (Article 628)
The employer shall install lavatories as provided by followings. “Tto be constructed separately for men and women. “ “To provide one or more toilets for every 20 women or less working at the same time.”
Regards
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