The launch of the second Soryu class submarine (502) in 2008. If Japan wins the submarine for Australia may have the temporary name of "Super Soryu" (a submarine with the major external difference of being about 7 meters longer than the Soryu pictured). (Photo courtesy Japanese Navy, known as the "Japan Maritime Self Defense Force (JMSDF)".
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Some Australian politicians feel that Prime Minister Turnbull has
been travelling too frequently, lately, and so should cancel a visit to Japan
in December 2015. However Turnbull is mindful of former Prime Minister Rudd’s
diplomatic error in April 2008, when Rudd’s
first visit to northeast Asia only included China, not Japan. Turnbull's popularity is still way ahead of the Opposition.
The Australian December 5, 2015 reports in part http://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/columnists/harsh-realities-of-governing-for-all-catch-up-with-pm/story-e6frg75f-1227634508795
“… Turnbull [is] determined to visit Tokyo to send a
signal of solidarity. It also had a practical side as far as the $50 billion
submarine bid [is] concerned because there was the impression that Abbott had
an understanding with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. [The main reason for the understanding being] the strategic
argument of strengthening defences ties between Japan, the US and Australia
would give Japan a priority.
[bolded by Pete] “Japan Inc” is so
committed to the success of the Japanese bid that Australian officials have
been told the Japanese government has told Mitsubishi the bid is not to be
framed with profit as the priority. [that is Mitsubishi should not ask
Australia to pay too much :-]
Indeed, some Japanese have told Australian
representatives that the seeming success of the submarine bid was so surprising
that they felt they had “gone fishing and caught a whale”. Originally the plans
were for Turnbull to spend a few days in Japan to cement the political
relationship and to look at the submarine project himself.
Combined concerns about international distraction, the
need for domestic focus and the danger of Japan’s
other whaling decision would overwhelm the visit have led to a trimmed-down
lightning [short visit to Japan] visit as Christmas looms…."
Some Background/Issues that May Be of Interest To Some
of Turnbull’s Advisers Going to Japan:
The following are some of the comments S has made in Submarine Matters Comment sections over
the last few weeks:
November
22, 2015, 1:12AM Comment on Delivery
On Time and Pricing
“Delivery delays or initial failure are not reported for
modern Japanese submarines.”
“[The export cost of the “Super Soryu” Japan’s offering
for Australia] “depends on Australia’s situation. Every year, the Japanese
Ministry of Defense calculates life cycle costs (LCC) of major equipment,
including submarine. LCCs are calculated based on proven data (actual
operation). This calculation process predicts total cost from design to eventual
disposal of equipment, and is most reliable."
Jobs and Training
in Adelaide
"On November 30, 2015, the Japanese government submitted the [Super
Soryu] submarine building plan based on the Soryu-class submarine to Australian
government. Japan plans to set up a local training facility to enable building
in Australia and to train technicians over up to 7 years. Japan believes job
security is important in Australia.
For technician training, Japan will set up the training
facility in Adelaide, to train local technicians in special welding. Training will also
occur in the Kobe [Japan] shipbuilding facility [home of KHI and MHI submarine
building]. The Japanese government presented this plan at an on-site meeting in
Adelaide, in November 2015 [also
see].
Welding may include gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The Japanese Ministry of Defense reports that the welding strength by GTAW is around 10%
higher than that by gas metal arc welding (GMAW). GTAW is one of the key
technologies of Japanese submarine building. The USSR applied GTAW technology
to weld pressure hull made of titanium alloy allowing some Russian submarines
to dive very deeply [Pete comment: The high strength properties of GTAW is
in line with Japan’s likely provision of NS110
(very high yield steel) for the Super Soryu. NS110 is very sensitive
technology held by Japan].
See Japanese language article “Australian submarine
construction Plan to present government technician training” in The Mainichi,
Dec 1, 2015: http://mainichi.jp/articles/20151201/k00/00m/010/123000c
November
22, 2015, 1:12AM Comment on Pressure
Hull Steel
“High strength
steel for the pressure hull of the Super Soryu is very possibly NS80 and NS110
which is stronger than HY100”. [Pete comment: HY100 is standard high yield
steel used by other countries to achieve safe diving of around 400 meters. Japan’s
“NS110” steel is equivalent to a yield strength of HY156 and may permit safe
diving as deep as 600 meters – providing a major safety and tactical advantage].
November
22, 2015, 1:12AM Comment on Key
Diesel and Snorkel Technology
[the Super Soryu will likely have “Kawasaki Heavy
Industry (KHI) diesels…KHI is the traditional supplier of submarine diesel
engines and is also involved in [the advanced] snorkel generation system.”
One of the Japan
Bid’s Major Strengths is Advanced Battery Technology
[Pete comment: LIBs
will, very likely, be placed in the Super Soryu if Japan wins. Development
of automobile (cars) LIBs has relevance to advances in
LIBs for submarine] S comments “According to those researching LIBs, the development
of LIBs for electric/hybrid electric vehicles are very important. Although
anode materials have been developed, conventional cathode materials have some
issues such as low capacity, high cost and low conductivity to apply to electric/hybrid
electric vehicles. The practical capacity of current LIBs is 100-180mAh/g, but
LIBs with high capacity (270mAh/g) and high capacity retention (92% after
140charge/discharge cycles) have been reported. In future, LIBs in automobiles
will be realized.
[Pete Comment: Li-SBs (aka Li-S or LSBs) if developed and safe, may replace LIBs in the late 2030s. See performance graph that allows some comparison of Lead-acid Batteries (currently used on subs) with LIBs and LSBs] The theoretical capacity and energy density of LSBs is 1672mgA/g and 2567 Watt Hours/kg, respectively. The latest laboratory [tested] value of energy density is around 1300Watt Hours/kg (which reduces to 1000Watt Hours/kg after 50 charge-discharge cycles). Practical but limited applications of small LSBs in the near future are expected.
Pete comment: Submarines are inherently high tech and it is essential that all the systems work together in a balanced, predictable, safe, way.
S and Pete
